History of Islam in Indonesia

"Surely, in their stories, there is instruction for people of understanding ..." (Surah Yusuf verse 111).

It is important to learn the history of Islam to them in Indonesia. In accordance with the Word of God in the Qur'an verse 111 that there is to learn the history of Wisdom (lesson). With memepelajari history in the past, we can take lessons for the future created a plan or a better concept, especially for mission in our country, Indonesia. In accordance with the hadith the Messenger of Allah "Today should be better than yesterday and tomorrow should be better than today".

Language is the highest value of a civilization. A nation is influenced certain value if the language is influenced by the value. Indonesian heavily influenced by Arabic (the language of the Qur'an) for example words like the words of Wisdom is essentially meaningful lessons and many more Indonesian language comes from Arabic. This proves that the culture of Indonesia sudahdipengaruhi by Islamic culture.

History of the arrival of Islam in Indonesia through the round - an important chapter:

1. First round, 7th century BC (1st century Hijri).

In the 7th century AD, Islam had come to the archipelago. The Dai who came to Indonesia came from the Arabian Peninsula that has adapted to the Indian nations of the Gujarat and some that have been adapted to the Chinese nation, from the direction of the line silk (trade route) mission began reaching the coast-coast archipelago.
Since the beginning of Islam never discriminate function of a person to act as a missionary (da'wah interpreter). Perform religious obligations in Islam is not just caste (class) only certain but for every society in Islam. Whereas in other religions only certain groups have spread the religious authority, the priest. Exact phrase Imam Shahid Hasan al-Bana "nahnu Du'at qabla kulla syai" means that we are missionaries before other professions.

Missionary arriving in Indonesia through the sailors or merchants carrying goods are also brought Islamic morals and values introduce Islamic. Community when berbenalan with open-minded Islam, honored as a human being and this is what distinguishes the entry of other religions as well as before after the arrival of Islam. For example the introduction of Christianity in Indonesia coincided with Gold (gold or wealth) and glory (glory or power) in addition to the Gospel which is the motive of religion coincided with the spread of colonialism and power. While Islam is a peaceful way.

That first Islam spread in Indonesia, the Muslim communities in the coastal areas develop into port cities and trade and continue to grow until it becomes the Islamic kingdoms of Aceh to start Ternata and Tidore which is central to the kingdom Eastern part of Indonesia territory to Irian Jaya.

2. The second half, 13th century BC.

In the 13th century AD stand Islamic kingdoms in various parts of the archipelago. Which is a moment of political power the people of the resurrection in particular areas of Java when the Majapahit kingdom gradually fell in his honor because of internal conflicts. This is used by Sunan Kalijaga the building in the region with Raden Fatah be an descendant of the kings of Majapahit to establish the first Islamic kingdom in Java that is the kingdom of Demak. With it began popping up all the Islamic kingdoms of others, although still local.

In the 13th century AD there fenoma called the Wali Songo clerics who spread propaganda in Indonesia. Wali Songo develop mission or Islamization process through the channels:

• a) Trade
• b) Marriage
• c) Education (pesantren)

Pesantren is the original institution of the cultural roots of Indonesia, as well as the adoption and adaptation hasanah pre-Islamic culture that is not out of the Islamic values that can be utilized in the propagation of Islam. This proved highly appreciate Islamic culture do not conflict with Islamic values.

• d) Art and culture

At that time the media spectacle of the most famous in Javanese society is kkhususnya puppet. Wali Songo using puppets as a missionary with the previous media puppet coloring with Islamic values. Which is characteristic of Islamic influence in the puppet teaches egaliterialisme human equality before God with the inclusion of figures like punakawam Semar, Gareng, Petruk and Bagong.
The Guardian also composed traditional songs (regions) in the Islamic style, this means nasyid has been in Indonesia since the time of the guardian. In the traditional ceremonies are also given the values of Islam.

• e) Tasawwuf

Historical reality that there tarikat-tarikat in Indonesia, which became the religion of Islam spread network.

3. The third round, the Dutch colonial period.

In the 17th century, exactly the year 1601 AD came the Dutch East Indies empire kedaerah Nusantara initially only trade but eventually colonize. Dutch came to Indonesia with its trading room of the VOC, semejak that almost all parts of the archipelago colonized by the Dutch East Indies except Aceh. At that time between the Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago have not had time to form alliances or cooperation. This causes the spread of propaganda was interrupted.

With sumuliayatul (perfection) of Islam that there is no separation between aspects of a particular life with others, it has been applied by the scholars at that time. When the occupation came, changing the pesantren-pesantren into battle headquarters, students-students (pesantren students) to jundullah (army of God) is ready to fight invaders, while clerical became commander of war. Almost all regions in Indonesia to fight against the occupiers are the Muslims and their clerical.

Potential to grow and develop in the 13th century into a force of resistance against the occupiers. This can be evidenced by the saga-saga in the Islamic kingdoms which contains verses struggle. Animate scholars Jihad against the infidels of the Dutch colonizers. Dutch experience that eventually overwhelmed using strategies:

• Politics devide et impera, which in fact divisive or pitting of strength with the traditional Ulama example Padri War in West Sumatra and Java Diponegoro war.
• Prof. bring. Dr. Cristian Snouk alias Abdul Gafar Hourgonye a Indonesianness Professors at the University of the Netherlands East Indies was also an Orientalist who had studied Islam in Mecca, he argues that the Dutch government allowing Muslims to worship only mahdhoh (special) and forbidden to speak or to make practical politics. The idea was undertaken by the Dutch government and one of them is a restriction against the Muslims who will make the pilgrimage because at that moment that happened against colonial pejuangan maturation.

4. Fourth quarter, 20th century BC

Early 20th century AD, the Dutch began to make political ethics or political debts which are really just making levels of society who can assist them in government in Indonesia. Political debts to provide education and employment to the Indonesian people, especially Muslims, but the goal is to mensosialkan western sciences are far from the Qur'an and hadith and will dijadikannya colonial dolls. It is also preparing for the layers of bureaucracy that can not be held by another by the Dutch people. Who have not pendidikanpun entire community but only Priyayi groups (aristocracy), because it is the leader-¬ berasalkan leader of the movement is the nobility.

Strategy of resistance against invaders in this period to be more formal organization than with weapons. Stand the organization of Islamic States is the organization's first national movement in Indonesia in 1905 which has a member of the common people until the gentleman and covers a wide area. Year 1908 stood Budi Utomo, which is still the regional nature of Java, because it can be called the Islamic States of the organization's first national movement than Budi Utomo.

Figures of the famous Islamic States of HOS Tjokroaminoto who led the organization at the age of 25 years, a gentleman who, for the upholding of Islam then be expelled so that only the common people. He worked as a sugar factory workers. He was a major inspiration for the National movement in Indonesia. Islamic States under his leadership became a force to be reckoned with Dutch. Figures other Islamic States is H. Agus Salim and Abdul Muis, who nurture the young men belonging to the Young Bound Islamitend of a national, growing up in the youth pledge in 1928.

Islamic Da'wah in Indonesia continued to grow in institutions such as the birth of Nadhatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, Persis, and others. Institutions to those incorporated in the Islamic MIAI (Islamic Assembly 'Ala Indonesia) which later changed its name to MASYUMI (Shura Council Muslimin Indonesia), whose members are the heads of institutions to these Islamic.

In the Japanese occupation, carried out a strategy to divide the unity of the people by government forces to form the Japanese Sumubu ministries (Ministry of Religious Affairs). Japan committed to continue the strategy of the Dutch Muslim community. There was a Japanese who in the Islamic schools of Colonel agram, he cut the coordination of scholars at the center with the area, so that scholars in a village of less information and consequently can make people terbodohi.

Japanese occupation government provides facilities for Indonesia's independence by establishing BPUPKI (Investigating Agency Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence) and followed by PPKI (The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence), and more pursed again became Nine Committee, this committee is to formulate the Charter of Jakarta on June 22, 1945. Piagram Jakarta is the highest consensus to illustrate the diversity of the Indonesian nation is looking for a formula for living together. But the controversy is a sentence in this charter is the elimination of "7 words" full run Islamic obligation for the followers-followers are located in the fourth paragraph after the sentence based on State Ketuhan Yang Maha Esa.

The fifth round, 20th & 21st century.

At this stage the process of da'wah (Islamization) in Indonesia is characterized by the globalization of information influences the international Islamic movement that will effectively build a more complete Islamic power that encompasses all dimensions. Actually if Indonesia does not colonized the process of Islamization in Indonesia will take place in peace because they are culturally and structurally build strength. This is because the initial entry of Islam that is humane, can build communities dignity most of sudra (the lowest social structure in the kingdom) and its economic development community. History proves that the port cities (trade center) which is a city whose economy is well developed cities of Islam. In other words, Islam in Indonesia when the occupation will not happen is the largest Islamic territory and strongest. Even so God decreed in a number of Indonesia's largest Muslim peduduk in the world, but it is still a big question mark whether the quality is comparable to the quantity.